The gearbox is mechanical, with manual shifting, it has five forward gears and one reverse gear, all forward gears are synchronized.
The body parts of the box - the clutch housing, the gearbox housing itself and the rear cover - are cast from an aluminum alloy and tied together with studs and nuts
The joints are sealed with cardboard gaskets (sealant can be used for repairs).
To improve heat dissipation, the surface of the gearbox housing is finned.
5-speed gearbox VAZ: 1 - input shaft; 2 - input shaft seal; 3 - clutch housing; 4 - spring washer; 5 - breather; 6 - needle bearing of the secondary shaft; 7 - ring gear synchronizer IV gear; 8 - shift fork III and IV gears; 9 - sliding clutch of the synchronizer of III and IV gears; 10 - hub of the synchronizer clutch of III and IV gears; 11 - gear and ring gear of the synchronizer of the III gear; 12 - gear and ring gear synchronizer II gear; 13 - shift fork of I and II gears; 14 - clutch for switching I and II gears; 15 - gear and ring gear of the synchronizer of the 1st gear; 1G - intermediate bearing of the secondary shaft; 17 - gear V gear; 18 - gear lever; 19 - gear lever housing; 20 - spacer sleeve; 21 - flange of an elastic coupling; 22 - secondary shaft; 23 - oil seal of the rear bearing of the secondary shaft; 24 - rear bearing of the secondary shaft; 25 - oil slinger; 2G - bearing of the gear block of V gear and reverse gear; 27 - gear block of V gear and reverse gear; 28 - synchronizer hub V transmission; 29 - intermediate reverse gear; 30 - back cover; 31 - rear bearing of the intermediate shaft; 32 - sliding clutch of the synchronizer of I and II gears; 33 - filler plug; 34 - intermediate shaft; 35 - front bearing of the intermediate shaft; 36 - gearbox housing; 37 - rear bearing of the input shaft; 38 - guide sleeve
The bottom of the crankcase is closed with a stamped steel cover with a gasket (mounted on studs).
The clutch housing is bolted to the engine block.
To ensure the alignment of the crankshaft and the input shaft of the gearbox, the crankcase is centered on two bushings (grooves are made under them in the mounting holes of the block and crankcase).
A third power unit support is installed on the rear cover of the gearbox.
It is attached to the cross member, and the cross member is attached to the floor of the body (on welded bolts).
There is a filler (control) hole in the gearbox housing on the left side, and a drain hole in its lower cover.
The holes are closed with tapered plugs.
There is a magnet in the drain plug. It delays steel particles that enter the oil when parts are worn.
A breather is screwed into the upper part of the clutch housing.
It prevents the increase in pressure in the gearbox when it heats up.
In the event of a breather malfunction (jamming of the cap), a strong oil leak through the seals is possible.
There are three shafts in the gearbox: primary, secondary and intermediate.
The input shaft rests on two ball bearings - in the rear end of the crankshaft and in the front wall of the gearbox housing (the latter takes the bulk of the load).
A needle bearing is installed at the rear end of the input shaft, which is the front support of the secondary shaft and ensures the alignment of the shafts.
The output shaft also rests on a ball bearing in the rear wall of the gearbox housing and a roller bearing in its rear cover.
The intermediate shaft rotates in two bearings: the front one is a double-row ball bearing, located in the front wall of the gearbox housing, the rear one is roller, located in its rear wall.
Through the reverse gear and fifth gear, the countershaft also rests on a roller bearing in the rear cover of the gearbox.
On the rear wall of the crankcase, the axis of the reverse intermediate gear is also fixed.
The input shaft has two gears.
The helical ring, located closer to the front wall of the crankcase, is in constant engagement with the front gear of the countershaft (thus, these shafts always rotate together).
The spur gear of the input shaft is the crown of the IV gear synchronizer (when it is turned on, the torque is transmitted directly from the input shaft to the secondary, bypassing the intermediate one, therefore this gear is often called "direct").
The intermediate shaft is a block of four helical gears.
When any gear other than IV is engaged, the torque is transmitted to the secondary shaft through the intermediate one.
Gears The intermediate shaft is located in the following order (from its front end): gear with constant engagement with the input shaft, gears III, II, I gears.
A block of two gears is bolted to the rear end of the shaft: reverse gear (spur gear) and fifth gear (helical gear).
It additionally relies on a roller bearing in the rear cover of the gearbox.
The driven gears of III, II, I gears, reverse and fifth gears (in order, counting from the front end of the shaft) and synchronizers are located on the secondary shaft.
The driven gears of the forward gears are in constant mesh with the corresponding countershaft gears.
The gears of III and II gears rotate on hardened journals of the secondary shaft, the gears of I and V gears - on bushings.
The reverse driven gear is rigidly keyed to the shaft.
Along with the helical gears of the forward gears, the rims of their synchronizers are made - spur gears of a smaller diameter.
They are directed towards the corresponding synchronizer (III, I, V - forward, II - back). At the rear end of the secondary shaft, a flange of an elastic coupling is fixed with a nut.
Earlier, the nut was fixed from unscrewing by a lock washer placed under it - its edges were bent on the edge of the nut.
Anaerobic sealant is now applied to the threads, and the washer is not installed.
The synchronizer consists of a hub rigidly fixed to the output shaft, a sliding sleeve, a retaining ring, a blocking ring and a spring with a washer.
The 3rd-4th and 1st-2nd gear synchronizer hubs fit into the slots on the secondary shaft with internal lugs, and the 5th gear synchronizer hub is held by the same key as the reverse driven gear.
On the outer surface of the hubs there are slots along which the sliding sleeves move.
The couplings have grooves that accept the forks of the gearshift rods.
The locking rings are connected with their inner rims to the synchronizer rims of the corresponding gears and are pressed by springs towards the sliding clutches.
The springs rest on the side surface of the driven gears through washers.
Reverse gear does not have a synchronizer.
To turn it on, you need to enter the intermediate gear into engagement with the output shaft driven gear and with the reverse drive gear in the rear gear block on the intermediate shaft.
The gearbox control drive consists of three rods connected to forks.
The forward gear forks fit into the undercuts of the synchronizer sliding sleeves, and the reverse gear fork into the undercut on the intermediate gear.
The gear selector mechanism consists of a guide plate with eight rectangular cutouts in the center, upper and lower washers, a gear lever and its housing, and a reverse locking bracket.
These parts are tightened with three bolts that secure the gear selector mechanism to the rear cover of the box.
The "neutral" position of the lever between third and fourth gears is set by two pairs of spring-loaded guide bars installed in the grooves of the guide plate and acting on the lower end of the lever.
Inadvertent engagement of reverse instead of fifth gear is impossible due to the bent tab of the locking bracket against which the protrusion on the lever rests.
To engage reverse gear, you need to push the lever down - while its protrusion falls below the tab of the bracket.
Gearbox parts are splash lubricated.
The input and output shafts are sealed with oil seals, and there is an oil slinger on the output shaft behind the fifth gear driven gear.
The gearbox is filled with gear oil with a viscosity of 75W80 to 85W90 and a quality class of at least GL-4. Its level should be at the lower edge of the filler hole (make sure that the car is level beforehand).