The diesel lubrication system is of the combined type.
The oil pump is of the gear type, single-section.
The oil pump is driven from a gear mounted on the crankshaft.
The oil pump 9 draws oil from the oil sump 1 through the oil strainer 8 and delivers it through the channels in the cylinder block and the channels of the oil filter housing into the liquid-oil heat exchanger 10, and then into the full-flow oil filter 12 and into the diesel oil line.
From the main diesel line, through the channels in the cylinder block, the oil reaches all the main bearings of the crankshaft and the journals of the camshaft.
From the main bearings, through the channels in the crankshaft, the oil reaches all the connecting rod bearings.
From the first main bearing, through special channels, the oil reaches the bushes of the intermediate gear and the fuel pump drive gear, as well as the fuel pump.
The parts of the valve mechanism are lubricated by oil coming from the rear camshaft bearing through the channels in the block, the cylinder head, the drilling in the IV rocker support into the inner cavity of the rocker shaft and through the hole in the rocker bush, from which it goes along the channel to the adjusting screw and the pushrod.
To the compressor, the oil comes from the main line through the drillings in the cylinder block and a special oil pipe.
From the compressor, the oil drains into the diesel sump.
To the turbocharger bearing assembly, the oil comes through a pipe connected at the outlet of the oil filter housing.
From the turbocharger bearing assembly, the oil is diverted through a pipe into the oil sump.
The bypass (reduction) valves are installed in the housing of the liquid-oil heat exchanger — 11 (actuation pressure value — 0.15–0.20 MPa) and in the oil filter — 13 (actuation pressure value 0.13–0.17 MPa).
When starting the diesel engine with cold oil, when the resistance to the passage of oil in the liquid-oil heat exchanger exceeds 0.15–0.2 MPa, the bypass valve opens, and the oil, bypassing the liquid-oil heat exchanger, enters the oil filter; and when the resistance in the oil filter is 0.13–0.17 MPa, the bypass valve of the oil filter opens and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
The bypass valves are non-adjustable.
An adjustable safety valve 14 is built into the filter housing, intended to maintain the oil pressure in the main oil line at 0.25–0.35 MPa.
Excess oil drains through the valve into the diesel sump.
In case of excessive clogging, when the resistance of the oil filter becomes higher than 0.13–0.17 MPa, the bypass valve of the filter also opens, and the oil, bypassing the oil filter, enters the oil line.
Attention! On a running diesel engine, it is categorically prohibited to unscrew the plug of the reduction valve!
Maintenance of the lubrication system consists in daily monitoring of the oil level in the engine sump, monitoring of the oil pressure, and timely replacement of the oil and filter.
The oil level check is carried out daily before starting the engine and not earlier than 3 minutes after stopping the engine.
The bus must be installed on a level horizontal platform.
The oil level must be between the lower and upper marks of the oil dipstick.
Operation of the engine with an oil level below the lower mark and above the upper mark of the dipstick is prohibited.
The oil pressure of the engine lubrication system is monitored by the gauge located on the instrument panel.
When the diesel engine operates at the nominal speed and coolant temperature of (85–95) °C, the oil pressure must be at the level of (0.25–0.35) MPa; a pressure value of up to 0.8 MPa is permitted on a non-warmed-up engine.
At the minimum idling speed, the oil pressure in the lubrication system of a warmed-up engine must be not less than 0.08 MPa.
The oil is replaced every 8,000 km. Replacement of the oil every 10,000 km is permitted.
Attention! In the case of using substitute oils or fuel with an increased sulphur content, the oil replacement must be carried out every (4,000…5,000) km of mileage.
Substitute oils include: M-10 G2K and M-8 G2K.
Oil replacement in the diesel sump is carried out on a pre-warmed-up engine.
To drain the oil, unscrew the oil sump plug.
After all the oil has flowed out of the sump, screw the plug back into place.
Pour the oil into the diesel engine through the oil filler neck up to the level of the upper mark on the dipstick.
Only the oil recommended by this manual, corresponding to the operating period, should be poured into the oil sump.
The use of oils of other brands may lead to the occurrence of diesel engine faults.
Replacement of the oil filter is carried out simultaneously with the replacement of the oil in the engine sump and according to the results of the diagnostics of the "COMMON RAIL" system in the following sequence:
Clean the junction of the oil filter and the valve housing 1 from dirt.
Unscrew the FM 009-1012005 or M5101 filter from union 3, using a special wrench or other improvised means.
Wipe the mating surface in the valve housing.
Fill the new filter with clean oil and install (screw onto the union) the FM 009-1012005 or M5101 filter complete with gasket 4, which you should first lubricate with engine oil.
After the gasket touches the cup of the filter housing, tighten the filter a further 1–1.5 turns.
Carry out the installation of the filter only by hand force.
Instead of the FM009-1012005 and M5101 filter, it is permitted to install non-detachable type filter cartridges: mod. X149 of the company "AC Lelko" (France), mod. L37198 of the company "Purolator" (Italy) and other companies having anti-drain and bypass valves in their design, with the main overall dimensions:
- diameter — 95–105 mm;
- height — 140–160 mm;
- thread — 3/4-16UNF.
Adjustment of the safety (drain) valve is carried out when the oil pressure in the engine lubrication system drops below 2.5 kgf/cm².
The adjustment should be carried out on a switched-off and warmed-up engine.
Unscrew plug 4 (Fig. 3), remove gasket 5.
In the channel of the oil filter housing 3, with screwdriver 7, turn the adjusting plug 6 one turn in the direction of increasing or decreasing the pressure value (depending on the actual pressure).
Install gasket 5 and screw in plug 4.
If necessary, repeat the above adjustment actions.
