The clearance between the oil scraper ring and the groove on the piston must be between 0.135 and 0.335 mm.
The gaps in the locks of the piston rings should be within 0.3–0.7 mm for compression rings and 0.3–1.0 mm for oil scrapers
Size groups of pistons, connecting rods and pins are shown in the table at the end of the article
Pins and connecting rods are marked with paint: a finger in a hole, a connecting rod on a rod near the upper head.
A Roman numeral is embossed on the piston crown to indicate the piston group.
The pin should not fall out of the connecting rod head when tilted at about 45°.
The difference in mass between pistons assembled with connecting rods, pins, piston rings installed on one engine should be no more than 12 g.
Disassembly and inspection of the connecting rod and piston group
Using a piston ring remover, remove the piston rings. If there is no puller, you can remove the rings by carefully unbending the rings at the locks.
Remove the circlips from both sides of the piston
We knock out the piston pins with light hammer blows through the mandrel 1. Remove the connecting rod 2 from the piston 3
In the same way, remove the remaining pistons from the connecting rods.
Inspect the pistons. If they have scuff marks, traces of burnout, deep scratches, replace the pistons.
Measure the piston diameter. If it is less than 91.9 mm, replace the piston.
The piston diameter is measured in a plane perpendicular to the piston pin axis, 8.0 mm below the piston pin axis.
The piston is installed in the cylinder with a clearance of 0.024–0.048 mm.
In order to ensure the clearance, the pistons are divided by diameter into five size groups A, B, C, D and E.
The letter marking is stamped on the piston crown.
When selecting a piston to a cylinder, the clearance indicated above must be ensured.
The maximum allowable clearance between the piston and the cylinder is 0.25 mm.
The clearance between the piston and the cylinder can be determined by measuring the piston and the cylinder.
Pistons are supplied as spare parts in two repair sizes: with a diameter increased by 0.5 mm and by 1.0 mm.
Measure the gap between the piston ring and the groove on the piston at several places around the circumference of the piston.
The gap should be between 0.05–0.087 mm for compression rings and 0.115–0.365 mm for the oil scraper ring.
If the clearances are greater than specified, the rings or pistons must be replaced.
Measure the gaps in the locks of the piston rings.
To do this, insert the ring into the cylinder and advance the piston like a mandrel so that the ring fits in the cylinder evenly, without distortion.
Measure the gap in the ring lock with a feeler gauge, it should be within 0.3–0.6 mm for compression rings and 0.5–1.0 mm for oil scraper discs.
If the gap exceeds the specified, replace the ring.
If the gap is smaller, you can file off the ends of the ring with a file clamped in a vise. In this case, the ring is moved up and down the file.
Check the fit of the piston pin in the upper end of the connecting rod.
The clearance between the pin and the bushing of the upper end of the connecting rod should be between 0.0045-0.0095 mm.
Pistons, pistons and connecting rods are divided into four size groups and marked with paint.
The pin is marked on the inner surface from one end, the connecting rod is marked on the rod, the piston is on the bottom surface of one of the bosses, or a Roman numeral is knocked out on the piston bottom.
Lightly lubricate the piston pin with engine oil and insert into the upper end of the connecting rod.
The finger should enter the head from the effort of the thumb evenly, without jamming.
The connecting rod should turn on the finger under its own weight from a horizontal position.
The pin must not extend or fall out of the connecting rod head under its own weight when the connecting rod is rotated so that the pin is vertical.
Piston pin and connecting rod must be the same or adjacent size groups.
Pistons with piston rings, pins and connecting rods are assembled by weight.
The difference in weight for one engine should be no more than 12 g.
Inspect the connecting rod bearings. If they have scuffs, risks, off stitching, etc., they need to be replaced.
Install the caps on the connecting rods and measure the diameter of the hole in the lower head of the connecting rod.
The nominal hole diameter is 60 +0.019 mm, the maximum allowable diameter is 60.03 mm.
If the measured diameter exceeds the limit, replace the connecting rod with a cap.
Measure the diameter of the hole in the connecting rod bushing.
Nominal hole diameter 22 +0.007 and 22 –0.003 mm, maximum allowable - 22.01 mm.
If the measured diameter exceeds the limit, replace the connecting rod.
Assembly and installation of pistons with connecting rods
Assemble piston 4 with connecting rod 3. Before that, heat the piston to a temperature of 60–80 °C.
Then, quickly insert the connecting rod into the piston so that the inscription: "Front" on the piston and protrusion A on the connecting rod are on the same side, and press in the piston pin 6.
Install retaining rings 5.
Put the piston rings onto the piston using a puller.
On the upper compression ring there is an inscription: "Top", the ring must be installed on the piston with this inscription to the bottom of the piston.
There is a groove on the inner side of the lower compression ring, the ring must be installed with this groove upwards to the piston bottom.
Insert bushing 7 into the lower head of the connecting rod, while the locking lug on the bushing must fit into the recess in the lower head of the piston.
Insert bushing 1 into connecting rod cap 2, making sure the locking lug of the bushing fits into the recess in the cap.
Lubricate cylinder, piston 4, crankshaft journal and bearings 1 and 7 with engine oil.
Turn the piston rings so that the compression ring locks are at an angle of 180° to each other, the oil scraper disc locks are also at an angle of 180° to each other and at 90° to the compression ring locks, the oil scraper ring expander lock is at an angle of 45° to the lock of one of the oil scraper discs.
Turn the crankshaft so that the connecting rod journal of the cylinder in which the piston is installed is at the n.m.t.
Insert the piston with the connecting rod into the cylinder, while the inscription: "Front" on the piston boss must face the front of the engine (towards the camshaft drive).
In order not to damage the cylinder mirror, it is recommended to put bushings made of soft material on the connecting rod bolts (for example, pieces of rubber or plastic hoses).
Using a special crimp, compress the piston rings and lightly push the piston into the cylinder with a hammer handle, while the crimp must be firmly pressed against the block, otherwise the piston rings can be broken.
Move the piston down so that the lower head of the connecting rod sits on the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft, remove the hose trimmings from the connecting rod bolts.
Install the connecting rod cover 2 on the connecting rod bolts, while the ledge "B" on the connecting rod cover should be on the same side as the protrusion "A" on the lower head of the connecting rod, and the cylinder numbers stamped on the connecting rod and cover should be located with one side.
- 2. Install the connecting rod bolt nuts and tighten to 68–75 Nm (6.8–7.5 kgf m).
- 3. In the same way, install the remaining pistons with connecting rods.
- 4. Turn the crankshaft several times, it should rotate easily, without jamming.
Dimensional groups of pistons, connecting rods and pins
Nominal and maximum allowable dimensions, fit of mating parts of the connecting rod and piston group of the engine mod. 402
Nominal and maximum allowable dimensions, fit of mating parts of the connecting rod and piston group of the engine mod. 402
Dimensional groups of cylinders and pistons
